{"id":151,"date":"2021-12-03T20:04:30","date_gmt":"2021-12-03T20:04:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/claire.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/?page_id=151"},"modified":"2021-12-11T16:19:32","modified_gmt":"2021-12-11T16:19:32","slug":"additions-changing-with-the-times","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/additions-changing-with-the-times\/","title":{"rendered":"Additions &#8212; Changing with the Times"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/beginnings-franciscan-houses-of-siena\/\">go back<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/18th-century-cataloguer\/\">go forward<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Liturgical Additions: Centuries of Monastic Use<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-3-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"240\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/?attachment_id=240\" class=\"wp-image-240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-3-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-3-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-3-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/additions-1-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"241\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/additions-1.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/?attachment_id=241\" class=\"wp-image-241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/additions-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/additions-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/additions-1.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">pp. 210, 275 of the Ms containing three liturgical additions in a 17th century hand.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At several points in the manuscript, different 17th century hands added new chants, usually in spaces that were originally left empty. Typically, when these chants appear in other manuscripts, these manuscripts are also dated later, after the late fourteenth century, though there is a wide geographic distribution. For instance, the second addition on p. 275, &#8216;Fecit Joas rectum coram&#8230;&#8217; is also recorded in five other manuscripts on the Cantus database:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CDN-Lu M2150 (Spanish, 16th century)<\/li><li>Mbs Clm 4306 (German, 1501)<\/li><li>PL-Kkar 3 (Rkp 15) (Polish, 1468)<\/li><li>PL-WRzno 12025\/IV (Polish, 1397)<\/li><li>PL-WaN Akc. 10808 (Polish, 15th century)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another addition, on f.210, is the chant &#8220;En verdant rutila Francisci&#8230;&#8221; Unlike the other chants included here, we could find no concordances in the Cantus database. However, this chant does exist elsewhere in Franciscan ritual and liturgical practice, as we found that it was mentioned in two other manuscripts, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mgh-bibliothek.de\/dokumente\/a\/a058197.pdf\">Manuscript 49 of the Dole Municipal Library<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/pdf\/23802134.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A38d7d0dc2ab52cda4b3638f5d2f6fb38\">MS 58 of Besan\u00e7on Municipal Library<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tracing &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; across six manuscripts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-1-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"242\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/?attachment_id=242\" class=\"wp-image-242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-1-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-1-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-1-2.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-2-1-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"243\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-2-1.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/?attachment_id=243\" class=\"wp-image-243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-2-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-2-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-2-1.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">pp. 181, 182 of the Ms containing the added chant &#8216;Manu<em>m<\/em> sua<em>m<\/em> aperuit inopi et pal<em>m<\/em>as suas&#8230;.&#8217;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notably, PL-Kkar 3 also contains another addition to Barnard 1, Manu<em>m<\/em> sua<em>m<\/em>. We reached out to the Archiwum Karmelit\u00f3w in Krakow, and Dr. Szymon Su\u0142ecki kindly sent us some images and confirmed that one of the chants, &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; is also an addition in PL-Kkar 3. The chant is added in a later hand underneath a prior chant, &#8216;Et accipiens iuesus septem panes&#8230;,&#8217; written over the musical notation. Another chant, &#8216;Et ascendentes tali dixerunt&#8230;,&#8217; is added in the same hand at the bottom of the page.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"534\" height=\"800\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0077.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"245\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0077.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/?attachment_id=245\" class=\"wp-image-245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0077.jpg 534w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0077-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">f. 52r of PL-Kkar 3 with &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; added underneath another chant, over the musical notation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-759x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"247\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/?attachment_id=247\" class=\"wp-image-247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-759x1024.jpg 759w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-768x1036.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-1139x1536.jpg 1139w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-1518x2048.jpg 1518w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-1568x2115.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21913821-scaled.jpg 1898w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">f. 361v of <span style=\"color: var(--global--color-foreground-low-contrast); font-size: var(--global--font-size-xs); background-color: var(--global--color-background); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary);\">PL-WaN Akc. 10808<\/span>. The final chant, &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;,&#8217; is a later addition.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same holds for PL-WaN akc. 10808. &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; appears at the bottom of f. 361v and is written in a noticeably different hand (though the script suggests a similar time period, or a good imitation): it is sufficient to notice the spacing of the letters, the double-compartment a &#8212; as opposed to the single-compartment a in the rest of the Ms &#8212; and the dotted i&#8217;s. It is worth noting that Pl-Kkar 3 and PL-WaN Akc. 10808 are done in a very similar style.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070157-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"331\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/additions-changing-with-the-times\/attachment\/olympus-digital-camera\/\" class=\"wp-image-331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070157-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070157-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070157-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070157-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070157-1568x2091.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070157-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070158-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"332\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070158-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/additions-changing-with-the-times\/attachment\/olympus-digital-camera-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070158-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070158-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070158-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070158-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070158-1568x2091.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/PC070158-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">pp. 90-91 of PL-WRzno 12025\/IV, showing several chants, including &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; and &#8216;Unxerunt Salomone Sadoc sacerdos&#8230;,&#8217; which have been added as palimpsests. Image courtesy of the Manuscripts Department of the Zak\u0142ad Narodowy im. Ossoli\u0144skich.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In PL-WRzno 12025\/IV, the earliest manuscript in the set (dating to 1397), &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; is likewise a later addition, though it is incorporated more subtly, with the original writing scraped and the new chant written over it. Though the style attempts to mimic that of the rest of the manuscript, the letters show significantly more rotundity and the decorated initial is done in black, as opposed to the red and blue of the other capitals. The Manuscript Department at the  Zak\u0142ad Narodowy im. Ossoli\u0144ski, where the Ms is held, dates the addition to the 18th century. It is also worth noting that for the succeeding chant, the pre-existing decorated initial &#8216;R&#8217; was left undisturbed &#8212; though it does not actually go with the &#8216;Unxerunt Salomone&#8230;&#8217; chant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-regensburg.de\/Fakultaeten\/phil_Fak_I\/Musikwissenschaft\/cantus\/microfilm\/clm4306\/images\/119.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>ff. 118v-119r in Mbs Clm 4306, showing the &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; chant along the bottom margin. Image taken from the Cantus Database.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Above, we see &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; in Mbs Clm 4306, ff. 118v-119r. We can note a difference in notation, in the absence of staff lines and the rectangular shaped notes which seem to lack stems for the most part. The writing is also clearly different, and appears later and less standardized. Curiously, the chant also goes across two pages at the bottom of the manuscript and is not contained to one like the others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-8 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3718-CDN-Lu-M2150_f178v-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"333\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3718-CDN-Lu-M2150_f178v-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/additions-changing-with-the-times\/attachment\/img_3718-cdn-lu-m2150_f178v\/\" class=\"wp-image-333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3718-CDN-Lu-M2150_f178v-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3718-CDN-Lu-M2150_f178v-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3718-CDN-Lu-M2150_f178v-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3718-CDN-Lu-M2150_f178v-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3718-CDN-Lu-M2150_f178v-1568x2091.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3718-CDN-Lu-M2150_f178v-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3719-CDN-Lu-M2150_f179r-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"334\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3719-CDN-Lu-M2150_f179r-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/additions-changing-with-the-times\/attachment\/img_3719-cdn-lu-m2150_f179r\/\" class=\"wp-image-334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3719-CDN-Lu-M2150_f179r-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3719-CDN-Lu-M2150_f179r-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3719-CDN-Lu-M2150_f179r-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3719-CDN-Lu-M2150_f179r-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3719-CDN-Lu-M2150_f179r-1568x2091.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_3719-CDN-Lu-M2150_f179r-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">ff. 178v-179r in CDN-Lu M2150, where &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; appears to be original to the manuscript. Image curtesy of Debra Lacoste.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The only manuscript on record where &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; is not a later addition is CDN-Lu M2150. As you can see, the script looks the same as in the neighboring manuscripts, and, crucially, on the top half of f.179r the chant has sustained the same damage as the preceding chant on the top of f.178v. What is of significance is that M2150 is the latest Ms in the set, dating to somewhere in the 16th century. This suggests that &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; was introduced into the liturgy some time in the 1500s, and retrospectively added to the later manuscripts we have studied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Barnard 1 and the Counter-Reformation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is worth noting that &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; as a chant was discursively used in a manner markedly different from the usage of the biblical source narrative, 2 Kings 12:2. Citing the latter, a 1532<sup>1<\/sup> confutation argues:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>   &#8230;Minorem sic probo. Laudavit Deus factum Jo\u00e6 regis Jud\u00e6, quod accepit duas uxores. Sed accipiens duas uxores, transilivit limites natur\u00e6. Igitur, &amp;c. Major ostenditur authoritate sacr\u00e6 scriptur\u00e6. <em>Accepit Joiada sacerdos duas uxores Jo\u00e6 regi<\/em>. Et ob hoc et alia ejus facta, dictum est in laudem ejus, quod <em>rex Joas rectu, fecerat, coram Domino cunctis diebus, quibus docuerat eum Joiada sacerdos<\/em>. Quum igitur Joiada docuit Joam accipere duas uxores, in hoc rectum fecit coram Domino.<br>   Ex iis jam liebit cernere, quam infirmum sit hoc fundamentum, et quam levi manu convelli ac amoveri possit, super quod Abel tanquam super petram solidissimam totum collocat \u00e6dificium. Verum hoc jam sublato fundamento, ut tota scilicet corruat structura superimposita, necessum est.<\/p><cite>from &#8216;A confutation of Abel&#8217;s Book<sup>2<\/sup>, written against the divorce of Queen Catharine: Contra basim libelli Abelis&#8217; in <em>Records of the Reformation: The Divorce 1527-1533<\/em>, vol. I, collected and arranged by Nicholas Pocock, M.A. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1870), pp. 517-8.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>[Thus I show the descendants. God celebrated that Joas was made king of Juda, although he took 2 wives. But taking up two wives transgressed the limits of nature. Therefore &amp;c\u2026 Therefore it is shown greater by the authority of sacred scripture.\u00a0<em>The priest Joiada took two wives for King Joas.\u00a0<\/em>And on account of this and other things done by him,\u00a0<em>that he had made Joas the rightful king, in the presence of the lord of all days, by the ways the priest Joas had taught him.\u00a0<\/em>How therefore Joiada taught Joas to take up two wives, in this he did right in the presence of the lord.\u00a0<\/p><p>From this now we ought to understand, that this is a weak foundation, that one can shatter and destroy with a sleight of hand, because above the most solid stone Abel places the entire building. For in truth this is necessary now with the foundation having been destroyed, that certainly all may be destroyed with the structure placed over it.]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; is used in a pro-divorce, pro-Reformation piece of writing, seeking to convince the reader that if Joas could have two wives and remain virtuous, the same may be true for Henry. Clearly, this was not the inflection with which it was added into the Catholic liturgy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, it is possible that the chant was written into the set of manuscripts we&#8217;ve been studying, and introduced in the first place, as part of a counter-Reformation attempt to create greater consistency within the service, and, in this case, between the reading of Chronicles in Matins and the chants of the Divine Office. &#8216;Fecit Joas&#8230;&#8217; would accord with the reading of Chronicles in the 8th or 10th Sunday after Pentecost, lending greater integrity to the service as a whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the varied applications of the biblical narrative and the chant itself in this period, one thing is certain: the manuscript remained in monastic hands and in continued use during the 16th century, through the counter-Reformation and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-secondary-background-color has-secondary-color is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pocock dates the Ms to 1530, but the dating has since been <a href=\"https:\/\/discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/details\/r\/C3063346\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/details\/r\/C3063346\">challenged<\/a>. Indeed, the original dating is incongruous given that the confutation is written in response to a text from 1532 (see footnote 2).<\/li><li>The book in question is likely the <em>Invicta veritas. An answere, That by no manner of law, it may be lawfull for the most noble King of England, King Henry the eight to be divorced from the queens grace, his lawfull and very wife<\/em>, written by Thomas Abel, a Catholic priest martyred during the reign of Henry VIII. <\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liturgical Additions: Centuries of Monastic Use At several points in the manuscript, different 17th century hands added new chants, usually in spaces that were originally left empty. Typically, when these chants appear in other manuscripts, these manuscripts are also dated later, after the late fourteenth century, though there is a wide geographic distribution. For instance,<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/additions-changing-with-the-times\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;Additions &#8212; Changing with the Times&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-151","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=151"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":371,"href":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/151\/revisions\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/liturgicalmanuscripts.sandbox.library.columbia.edu\/barnard1provenance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}