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Key Terms (paraphrased from liturgical.columbia.edu<\/a>)<\/h2>\n\n\n\nAn antiphoner<\/strong> (also called an antiphonal) is a collection of chants required for the celebration of the Divine Office.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe Divine Office<\/strong> is a series of prayers sung throughout the day at fixed times, primarily by religious orders like the Franciscans. Each office contains psalms and a mix of hymns, antiphons, litanies, canticles, responsories, and other chants.<\/p>\n\n\n\nA Feast <\/strong>is a specific day in the Liturgical calendar that celebrates a specific person or event. Feasts are either fixed–occurring on the same day every year–or moveable. In this project, I study the Common of the Apostles<\/strong>, which includes music to be sung on the feast days of the Apostles, and Corpus Christi<\/strong>, which celebrates the Holy Communion and is observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe Franciscan Order<\/strong> is a mendicant order founded by its namesake Saint Francis of Assisi in 1209. Franciscans follow the Rule of Saint Francis, which includes a vow of poverty. Like the Dominican Order, the Franciscans underwent a period of liturgical standardization in the 13th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\nLiturgy<\/strong> is the practice of organized, formal worship, the ensemble of texts, music, movements, vestments, vessels, and even buildings used by a group of people to worship God. Liturgy encompasses two main types of service: the Mass and the Divine Office.<\/p>\n\n\n\nA processional<\/strong> contains the chants sung during the processions on certain important feasts of the church year, including, as in Plimpton MS 34, Corpus Christi.<\/p>\n\n\n\nVertical Lines <\/strong>are the focus of this project. “Vertical” distinguishes these lines from the horizontal staff lines. Although they are related, these vertical lines are not bar lines in the modern sense–there is no metre implied by their presence. In musicological literature, vertical lines are also occasionally referred to as “vertical strokes” and, rarely, as “bar lines.” For more on the purpose and context of vertical lines, return to the home page and start the exhibit!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Barnard MS 1 is fully digitized via Columbia Library’s digital collections<\/a>. Plimpton Ms 34<\/a> is as well. The Burns Antiphoner has been digitized by Boston College<\/a>. Similarly, the Rimini Antiphoner can be found online at the State Library of New South Wales<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nMore information on the history and context of Barnard MS 1 can be found in Aleksandr Butovetskiy’s exhibit on Franciscan iconography<\/a>, Clare Dwyer and Alina Shubina’s research on the provenance of the manuscript<\/a>, and Grant Woods’s project on the preservation of Barnard MS 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDetails about the Barnard MS 1<\/a> and Plimpton MS 34<\/a> can be found on the Digital Scriptorium. Zihang Chen has completed a partial transcription of Barnard MS 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nBoth Barnard MS 1<\/a> and Plimpton Ms 34<\/a> are inventoried on the Cantus Database. The Burns Antiphoner<\/a> is as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPlimpton Ms 34 is featured in the 2015 Columbia course site<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nMore details about liturgical manuscripts at Columbia and more term definitions can be found at liturgical.columbia.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Divine Office<\/strong> is a series of prayers sung throughout the day at fixed times, primarily by religious orders like the Franciscans. Each office contains psalms and a mix of hymns, antiphons, litanies, canticles, responsories, and other chants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A Feast <\/strong>is a specific day in the Liturgical calendar that celebrates a specific person or event. Feasts are either fixed–occurring on the same day every year–or moveable. In this project, I study the Common of the Apostles<\/strong>, which includes music to be sung on the feast days of the Apostles, and Corpus Christi<\/strong>, which celebrates the Holy Communion and is observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Franciscan Order<\/strong> is a mendicant order founded by its namesake Saint Francis of Assisi in 1209. Franciscans follow the Rule of Saint Francis, which includes a vow of poverty. Like the Dominican Order, the Franciscans underwent a period of liturgical standardization in the 13th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Liturgy<\/strong> is the practice of organized, formal worship, the ensemble of texts, music, movements, vestments, vessels, and even buildings used by a group of people to worship God. Liturgy encompasses two main types of service: the Mass and the Divine Office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A processional<\/strong> contains the chants sung during the processions on certain important feasts of the church year, including, as in Plimpton MS 34, Corpus Christi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vertical Lines <\/strong>are the focus of this project. “Vertical” distinguishes these lines from the horizontal staff lines. Although they are related, these vertical lines are not bar lines in the modern sense–there is no metre implied by their presence. In musicological literature, vertical lines are also occasionally referred to as “vertical strokes” and, rarely, as “bar lines.” For more on the purpose and context of vertical lines, return to the home page and start the exhibit!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Barnard MS 1 is fully digitized via Columbia Library’s digital collections<\/a>. Plimpton Ms 34<\/a> is as well. The Burns Antiphoner has been digitized by Boston College<\/a>. Similarly, the Rimini Antiphoner can be found online at the State Library of New South Wales<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n More information on the history and context of Barnard MS 1 can be found in Aleksandr Butovetskiy’s exhibit on Franciscan iconography<\/a>, Clare Dwyer and Alina Shubina’s research on the provenance of the manuscript<\/a>, and Grant Woods’s project on the preservation of Barnard MS 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Details about the Barnard MS 1<\/a> and Plimpton MS 34<\/a> can be found on the Digital Scriptorium. Zihang Chen has completed a partial transcription of Barnard MS 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Both Barnard MS 1<\/a> and Plimpton Ms 34<\/a> are inventoried on the Cantus Database. The Burns Antiphoner<\/a> is as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plimpton Ms 34 is featured in the 2015 Columbia course site<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n More details about liturgical manuscripts at Columbia and more term definitions can be found at liturgical.columbia.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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